HFRS — Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (mild form, called nephropathia epidemica)

Puumala virus (PUUV)

Puumala virus causes a mild form of HFRS known as nephropathia epidemica (NE). Most cases are reported from Fennoscandia, where bank vole population peaks every three to four years drive outbreak years.

Primary rodent host
Bank vole (Myodes glareolus)
Geographic range
Finland, Sweden, Norway, Belgium, France, Germany, Russia
Case-fatality rate
Less than 1 percent
Incubation
2 to 6 weeks
Discovered
1980, Puumala, Finland

Transmission

Inhalation of bank vole excreta in forests, woodsheds and rural buildings. No person-to-person spread.

Key facts

  • Causes the mildest hantaviral disease, with kidney involvement but low mortality
  • Strongly cyclical, peaking with bank vole population booms
  • Forestry, mushroom picking and cabin cleaning are common exposure scenarios
  • Diagnosis relies on PUUV-specific IgM serology

Reporting agencies

ECDCTHL FinlandFolkhälsomyndighetenSciensanoSanté publique France
Sources: WHO, ECDC, U.S. CDC, PAHO and peer-reviewed virology and epidemiology literature.
Disclaimer: Information is for educational purposes only. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for clinical advice.